Habeas Corpus And The War On Terror - 1072 Words

To understand Habeas Corpus and how it has played its part in the war on terror, a look at what it is and how it started should be looked at. Habeas Corpus, (â€Å"you should have the body†), is an old legal procedure that protects against unlawful and indefinite imprisonment. It is issued by a judge and does not determine whether the individual is guilty or innocent, but whether they are illegally imprisoned. If the charges are considered valid, the individual will go to trial, if not, the person goes free. The beginning of habeas corpus has dated back the medieval times. It was first used in 1305, even though some sources say that it was first recorded before the Magna Carta in 1215. Reference was made about habeas corpus by the†¦show more content†¦2) Removal to another federal district court. 3) The denial of bail or parole. 4) A claim of double jeopardy. 5) The failure to provide for a speedy trial or hearing. 6) The legality of extradition to a foreign country. (https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/habeas_corpus) Habeas corpus is a part of the Constitution (Suspension Clause of the Constitution) in Article 1, Section 9, Clause 2. The clause states, â€Å"The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it†.(http://definitions.uslegal.com/s/suspension-clause/) The individual who is imprisoned has the right to get a petition to federal court for the writ of habeas corpus. Most of these petitions are filed as a pro se case, meaning they represent themselves rather than by a lawyer. Federal courts have the authority to grant habeas corpus to prisoners but only Congress can suspend the writ of habeas corpus through affirmative actions or a delegation to the Executive. Habeas corpus was suspended in history. The first time was done by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. He imprisoned Confederate sympathizers for no reason other than their Confederate sympathies. He arrested them bec ause he thought they were a threat and used the â€Å"â€Å"unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion† clause to do so. He began

Financial Analysis on Coles Myer Woolworths - 1686 Words

Table of Contents Introduction............2 Financial Condition...........3 1. Overview............3 2. Liquidity..............3 3. Financial Leverage.......5 4. Assets Management....6 5. Profitability...........7 Conclusion.......8 Recommendation......8 References.............10 Appendix................11 Introduction Coles Myer Limited (CML) and Woolworths Limited (WOW) are two major Australian companies with extensive retail interest and listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. They are Australian public companies which operate a number of retail chains. CML is Australias second largest retailer, behind WOW. It operates a number of chains of retail outlets which are including Coles Supermarkets, Bi-Lo, Liquorland, Pick n†¦show more content†¦Vance, D. E. (2003) states that it is another way to think about the risk of leading to, or investing in a company. These two companies both experienced a drop on this ratio from 2004 to 2005, 0.35 for WOW and 0.3 for CML in 2005. 3. Financial leverage Equity ratio debt ratio Equity ratio and debt ratio are both designing for capital structure and they are negatively related with each other. The cost of equity is higher than the cost of debt, but shareholders will not require companies to repay them dividends and principals any time. However, companies must pay the debt holders interests and principals each year. And increasing leverage ratio will result in increasing the return to shareholders, yet at the same time, it will increase the repayment commitments and then raise the risk to company and shareholders. CMLs equity ratio increased to 0.4 and correspondingly debt ratio decreased to 0.15 from 2001 to 2005. Generally it is a good trend, even though there has been a decrease in equity ratio in 2005 from 0.45 to 0.40 and an increase in debt ratio from 2004 to 2005, it may be due to the acquisition from US group KKR. However, in 2005, equity is almost three times debt, which means the capital structure is still in good condition. On the other hand, WOW experienced a different trend that its equity ratio has decreased from 0.30 to 0.25, and debt ratio has significantly increased from 0.13 to 0.32 between 2001 and 2005. 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ThisRead MoreSave a Lot Strategy5103 Words   |  21 Pageswhen moving to the Australian market place Structure: The first section of the report addresses market entry strategy and the retail planning process. The report then moves to discuss the situation audit which entails competitor and market place analysis. The final section discusses the retailing strategy and offers recommendations to Save A Lot. Market Entry Save-A-Lot’s market entry mechanism is Market Expansion as they are expanding into a new market place by franchising their brand (AppendixRead MoreWoolworths Limited2909 Words   |  12 PagesWoolworths Limited Business Model [pic] 7241MGT Business Process Models Major Assignment Semester I, 2005 Abstract The firm selected for this project is Woolworths Limited which is an Australian leading retail company made up of a number of businesses all providing the customers with quality, range, value and everyday low prices. Woolworths is built onRead MoreAldi in Australia 24140 Words   |  17 Pagesin the market and help ensure that they start to further grow and capture the entire Australian market. An internal and external analysis was conducted in order to ensure that all the facts and figures surrounding Aldi was accurate. With the help of all these details we were able to gather an idea of what the market is like currently and also with an industry analysis that was carried out we were able to find out the major players in the Australian market at the moment and we have also provided recommendationsRead MoreAudit Plan - 13278 Words   |  14 Pagesaudit risk †¢ Understanding internal control structure †¢ Developing preliminary audit strategies for significant assertions The main source used in planning the audit is the WesFarmer’s annual financial report together with the relevant auditing standards: †¢ ASA300 - Planning an Audit of a Financial Report †¢ ASA315 - Understanding the entity and its environment and assessing the risk of material misstatement †¢ And ASA 320- Materiality and audit adjustments In order to complete the planningRead MoreValuation of David Jones Essay4937 Words   |  20 Pages|BUSINESS ANALYSIS AND VALUATION | | | |DAVID JONES LTD | | | | | |BY SENIOR FINANCIAL ANALYSTS

Business Strategy 2 Free Essays

string(54) " would be related to shoes and mainly sports apparel\." Examine approaches to strategr5y evaluation and selection Analyse possible alternative strategies relating to substantive growth, limited growth, and Market entry strategies, and disinvestment strategies IKEA has marketed its products well and has dealt with all the problems easily. But there have been some constraints that came in the way of IKEA and alternative strategies have to be developed for them. These strategies are as follows: Substantive growth: In any business strategy growth is the most important factor. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Strategy 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now To achieve substantive growth the firm needs to go through a lot of planning. Some of the key advantages of substantive growth are: †¢ Exponential Growth: Once IKEA achieves substantive growth in their business then they can be confident that it will lead to more growth in the future. There is a tendency of the growth of wealth at an exponential rate and the company can use these funds for other project to generate gains in future. While an organization achieves substantial growth the main benefit is that it helps in investing them for future benefits and achieving potential wealth gains. This is always a welcome consideration. Competition: Substantive growth of IKEA will help them to understand the strength of the competition and developing the business strategy accordingly. The faster a company achieves substantive growth the easier it is for them to beat the competition. The added wealth that IKEA gains from substantive growth can be utilized to gain the market share from different competitors. The best thing about substantive growth is that it acts as a motivator. Once a business starts gaining substantive growth it can be more than sure that it has gained advantage over the competition. Priorities: It is very important to decide the priorities in any business. Making clear strategies and deciding which goals need higher levels of importance will help the business in understanding the key priorities. Substantive growth acts as the best indicator and helps the strategists to make each and every step clear. It helps in rationally planning and deciding the goals that can be successful with time. Limited Growth: To achieve long term success and maximum growth IKEA needs to make sure that it is going through a period of limited growth. Limited growth will reduce risk and financial problems. To achieve limited growth the firm should make sure that the business is not running ahead of the expected goals. There should be consistency in the growth of the business that can only be achieved through limited growth. Limited growth can be attained by monitoring the business continuously and responding well to each and every situation. Market entry strategies: Till date IKEA has entered most of the markets successfully and has been able to adapt with the local conditions. The best marketing strategies that can be adapted to enter the markets successfully is to understand the wants of the locals and promote the product through different mediums. If the company uses an effective marketing mix in the markets of different countries then the market entry will be very easy for them. Disinvestment strategies: Disinvestment means liquidation of stock that leads to some policy change. Disinvestment can be used as an effective strategy by IKEA to liquidate its assets and build good relations with the local government. This strategy can be used to bring in positive changes and make the decision making process easier. To develop a strong disinvestment strategy the firm should analyse all its investments properly and focus on increased profitability. P8 Select an appropriate future strategy for a given organisation o Examine the approaches to strategy evaluation and selection and select an appropriate future strategy for the chosen organisation IKEA is one of the top furnishing companies in the world. They provide well designed home furnishing products at cost effective rates. The business model created by IKEA has helped them enter new markets and get to the nerves of the consumers. The strategies of IKEA involve competitor analysis, market analysis, environmental analysis, customer analysis, etc. The company continuously evaluates the strategies and plans their action according to the research made. The best part is that IKEA has been very good when it comes to successful implementation of its policies. One of the future strategy that can help reach out to its customers easily is the internet marketing strategy. Among all the marketing strategies used by IKEA the change in socio-cultural trend should be properly analysed and they should use the internet marketing technique effectively. Internet is acting as the best way to reach out to the customers and there are many social networking sites where prospective customers can be found. IKEA already has its website and it just needs to use the social networking websites effectively to promote its products. Since effective promotion acts as the best way to reach out to the consumers IKEA should look out for this option to increase its reach. This is better than any other medium as it is not limited to one specific location and helps the firm to reach out to whole world. Since IKEA operates in different parts of the world this is the most effective advertising tool for them. Understand how to implement a chosen strategy Compare the roles and responsibilities for strategy implementation in two different organisations The roles and responsibilities of for proper strategy implementation differ in different organizations. For example the strategy implementation in IKEA would be completely different to the roles in companies like NIKE. The roles of the people in NIKE need to be different from that of IKEA. In NIKE the managers need to know the footwear and the apparel that is in trend. While conducting the market research the team in NIKE needs to understand what people like to wear and the wants of the people in different markets all over the world. Since NIKE has been developing its footwear since its inception everything in their RD would be related to shoes and mainly sports apparel. You read "Business Strategy 2" in category "Papers" Innovation is required in different fields and developing new things would surely catch the consumer’s eye. But before developing an effective strategy and implementing it the organization needs to understand itself and the product that it is selling. They need to understand whether their plans and policies will be effective enough. While developing the plans NIKE needs to understand the trends in the footwear market and develop the footwear according to the response of the consumers. The company needs to conduct the process in a cost effective manner but many times they are likely to face loss. If the new footwear range developed by NIKE does not go down well with the consumers then that range would go to waste and they will suffer loss over there. As compared to NIKE the roles in IKEA are totally different. IKEA is involved in furnishing and designing modern furniture for different places. So the roles totally change in the strategy planning and implementation here. IKEA needs to have a look at the furnishings that are in trend and that are loved by different customers. They can be more flexible with the innovation of their products. If the new product launched by them is not liked by one consumer then there are chances that it can be sold to other customer, as compared to NIKE where the whole footwear range can go to waste if there is a negative response. NIKE designs footwear for humans whereas IKEA has to focus on the look of the house. So the strategy is totally different. As you need to make the place look as beautiful as possible IKEA would need to understand the place much better and make the strategies according to that. Evaluate resource requirements to implement a new strategy for a given organisation The resources required for the implementation of a new strategy are: †¢ Action planning: The organization needs to have a team that can develop a good plan of action. This will help in detailing the strategy and assigning responsibilities to every individual in the organization. The planning stage decides the future steps and provides a direction to the goal of the strategy. The planning phase needs to have experienced professionals and people who can design proper goals for the future of the organization. The strategy can be successful if the action planning phase is successful. †¢ Organizational Structure: The strategy should be favourable to the current organizational structure. If the strategy developed is conducted in an organized way then it will surely be successful. The RD team should convey the required information to the respective teams and develop a proper structure. †¢ Human Resource Factors: Human resource is an important factor when it comes to successful implantation of plans. Every individual needs to understand their responsibilities and there should be good communication among individuals. Whenever there is a need to implement a new strategy the goals should be made clear to every team. In human resource the team leader and the managers have huge role to play. They need to guide the team and motivate them to implement the strategy effectively. Discuss targets and timescales for achievement in a given organisation to monitor a given strategy As discussed above IKEA has been constantly aiming to expand its market size and provide a range of products to its customers. However for any company of the size of IKEA to grow and reach newer heights it is very important that they have a set target and are aware of when these need to be achieved. Some of the targets with timescales which would help them achieve the following objectives: †¢ Lower prices and provide better quality by 30% by the end of 2015: Here the objective is pretty clear. The specified target for the company is to better the quality of products they have on offer along with the prices they offer. In order to do so the company needs to analyse about the possible ways to cut costs so that it could be passed on to the customers. With the view to 2015 being the target year the company should check if they have achieved at least half of what they expect by the year 2015. At the end of 2013 and 2014 the company would need to analyse the prices, costs, and the quality of its products which would be clear from the increased/decreased sales. This should be compared with the data for the earlier year and company would need to take the right measures in the way forward. †¢ Enhance customer service by 25% by the end of 2013: Customer Service cannot be measured but service coverage and the number of people serviced can be. So the company needs to keep a record as well as ensure taking feedback from the customers they service. Comparing it in the mid of 2013 would be ideal to check whether customers were much happier than the year before. Here the company can know about its weaknesses and work upon the possible solutions so that their target of 25% could be achieved. †¢ Increase awareness of the product: This could be done only through advertisements Here the company should prepare an advertising strategy to implement it while putting up ads on various media sources. It needs to be backed up by adequate availability of the products advertised. Seasonal discounts are the recommended ways to increase awareness and sales. †¢ Add several of new products by 2014: A phased out strategic implementation for rolling out new products seems ideal. Here the company should not bring out new products all at once rather should plan out launching products at regular intervals. Probably a product each month till 2014 should be the best way to go ahead and expand on its portfolio. Therefore a planned strategic move seems to be the answer for IKEA so that it could achieve the targets it has and expand across its markets. With planned implementation and scheduled operations things would be way easier as compared to an unplanned approach for marketing as well as promoting the company’s products. How to cite Business Strategy 2, Papers Business Strategy 2 Free Essays string(54) " would be related to shoes and mainly sports apparel\." Examine approaches to strategr5y evaluation and selection Analyse possible alternative strategies relating to substantive growth, limited growth, and Market entry strategies, and disinvestment strategies IKEA has marketed its products well and has dealt with all the problems easily. But there have been some constraints that came in the way of IKEA and alternative strategies have to be developed for them. These strategies are as follows: Substantive growth: In any business strategy growth is the most important factor. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Strategy 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now To achieve substantive growth the firm needs to go through a lot of planning. Some of the key advantages of substantive growth are: †¢ Exponential Growth: Once IKEA achieves substantive growth in their business then they can be confident that it will lead to more growth in the future. There is a tendency of the growth of wealth at an exponential rate and the company can use these funds for other project to generate gains in future. While an organization achieves substantial growth the main benefit is that it helps in investing them for future benefits and achieving potential wealth gains. This is always a welcome consideration. Competition: Substantive growth of IKEA will help them to understand the strength of the competition and developing the business strategy accordingly. The faster a company achieves substantive growth the easier it is for them to beat the competition. The added wealth that IKEA gains from substantive growth can be utilized to gain the market share from different competitors. The best thing about substantive growth is that it acts as a motivator. Once a business starts gaining substantive growth it can be more than sure that it has gained advantage over the competition. Priorities: It is very important to decide the priorities in any business. Making clear strategies and deciding which goals need higher levels of importance will help the business in understanding the key priorities. Substantive growth acts as the best indicator and helps the strategists to make each and every step clear. It helps in rationally planning and deciding the goals that can be successful with time. Limited Growth: To achieve long term success and maximum growth IKEA needs to make sure that it is going through a period of limited growth. Limited growth will reduce risk and financial problems. To achieve limited growth the firm should make sure that the business is not running ahead of the expected goals. There should be consistency in the growth of the business that can only be achieved through limited growth. Limited growth can be attained by monitoring the business continuously and responding well to each and every situation. Market entry strategies: Till date IKEA has entered most of the markets successfully and has been able to adapt with the local conditions. The best marketing strategies that can be adapted to enter the markets successfully is to understand the wants of the locals and promote the product through different mediums. If the company uses an effective marketing mix in the markets of different countries then the market entry will be very easy for them. Disinvestment strategies: Disinvestment means liquidation of stock that leads to some policy change. Disinvestment can be used as an effective strategy by IKEA to liquidate its assets and build good relations with the local government. This strategy can be used to bring in positive changes and make the decision making process easier. To develop a strong disinvestment strategy the firm should analyse all its investments properly and focus on increased profitability. P8 Select an appropriate future strategy for a given organisation o Examine the approaches to strategy evaluation and selection and select an appropriate future strategy for the chosen organisation IKEA is one of the top furnishing companies in the world. They provide well designed home furnishing products at cost effective rates. The business model created by IKEA has helped them enter new markets and get to the nerves of the consumers. The strategies of IKEA involve competitor analysis, market analysis, environmental analysis, customer analysis, etc. The company continuously evaluates the strategies and plans their action according to the research made. The best part is that IKEA has been very good when it comes to successful implementation of its policies. One of the future strategy that can help reach out to its customers easily is the internet marketing strategy. Among all the marketing strategies used by IKEA the change in socio-cultural trend should be properly analysed and they should use the internet marketing technique effectively. Internet is acting as the best way to reach out to the customers and there are many social networking sites where prospective customers can be found. IKEA already has its website and it just needs to use the social networking websites effectively to promote its products. Since effective promotion acts as the best way to reach out to the consumers IKEA should look out for this option to increase its reach. This is better than any other medium as it is not limited to one specific location and helps the firm to reach out to whole world. Since IKEA operates in different parts of the world this is the most effective advertising tool for them. Understand how to implement a chosen strategy Compare the roles and responsibilities for strategy implementation in two different organisations The roles and responsibilities of for proper strategy implementation differ in different organizations. For example the strategy implementation in IKEA would be completely different to the roles in companies like NIKE. The roles of the people in NIKE need to be different from that of IKEA. In NIKE the managers need to know the footwear and the apparel that is in trend. While conducting the market research the team in NIKE needs to understand what people like to wear and the wants of the people in different markets all over the world. Since NIKE has been developing its footwear since its inception everything in their RD would be related to shoes and mainly sports apparel. You read "Business Strategy 2" in category "Essay examples" Innovation is required in different fields and developing new things would surely catch the consumer’s eye. But before developing an effective strategy and implementing it the organization needs to understand itself and the product that it is selling. They need to understand whether their plans and policies will be effective enough. While developing the plans NIKE needs to understand the trends in the footwear market and develop the footwear according to the response of the consumers. The company needs to conduct the process in a cost effective manner but many times they are likely to face loss. If the new footwear range developed by NIKE does not go down well with the consumers then that range would go to waste and they will suffer loss over there. As compared to NIKE the roles in IKEA are totally different. IKEA is involved in furnishing and designing modern furniture for different places. So the roles totally change in the strategy planning and implementation here. IKEA needs to have a look at the furnishings that are in trend and that are loved by different customers. They can be more flexible with the innovation of their products. If the new product launched by them is not liked by one consumer then there are chances that it can be sold to other customer, as compared to NIKE where the whole footwear range can go to waste if there is a negative response. NIKE designs footwear for humans whereas IKEA has to focus on the look of the house. So the strategy is totally different. As you need to make the place look as beautiful as possible IKEA would need to understand the place much better and make the strategies according to that. Evaluate resource requirements to implement a new strategy for a given organisation The resources required for the implementation of a new strategy are: †¢ Action planning: The organization needs to have a team that can develop a good plan of action. This will help in detailing the strategy and assigning responsibilities to every individual in the organization. The planning stage decides the future steps and provides a direction to the goal of the strategy. The planning phase needs to have experienced professionals and people who can design proper goals for the future of the organization. The strategy can be successful if the action planning phase is successful. †¢ Organizational Structure: The strategy should be favourable to the current organizational structure. If the strategy developed is conducted in an organized way then it will surely be successful. The RD team should convey the required information to the respective teams and develop a proper structure. †¢ Human Resource Factors: Human resource is an important factor when it comes to successful implantation of plans. Every individual needs to understand their responsibilities and there should be good communication among individuals. Whenever there is a need to implement a new strategy the goals should be made clear to every team. In human resource the team leader and the managers have huge role to play. They need to guide the team and motivate them to implement the strategy effectively. Discuss targets and timescales for achievement in a given organisation to monitor a given strategy As discussed above IKEA has been constantly aiming to expand its market size and provide a range of products to its customers. However for any company of the size of IKEA to grow and reach newer heights it is very important that they have a set target and are aware of when these need to be achieved. Some of the targets with timescales which would help them achieve the following objectives: †¢ Lower prices and provide better quality by 30% by the end of 2015: Here the objective is pretty clear. The specified target for the company is to better the quality of products they have on offer along with the prices they offer. In order to do so the company needs to analyse about the possible ways to cut costs so that it could be passed on to the customers. With the view to 2015 being the target year the company should check if they have achieved at least half of what they expect by the year 2015. At the end of 2013 and 2014 the company would need to analyse the prices, costs, and the quality of its products which would be clear from the increased/decreased sales. This should be compared with the data for the earlier year and company would need to take the right measures in the way forward. †¢ Enhance customer service by 25% by the end of 2013: Customer Service cannot be measured but service coverage and the number of people serviced can be. So the company needs to keep a record as well as ensure taking feedback from the customers they service. Comparing it in the mid of 2013 would be ideal to check whether customers were much happier than the year before. Here the company can know about its weaknesses and work upon the possible solutions so that their target of 25% could be achieved. †¢ Increase awareness of the product: This could be done only through advertisements Here the company should prepare an advertising strategy to implement it while putting up ads on various media sources. It needs to be backed up by adequate availability of the products advertised. Seasonal discounts are the recommended ways to increase awareness and sales. †¢ Add several of new products by 2014: A phased out strategic implementation for rolling out new products seems ideal. Here the company should not bring out new products all at once rather should plan out launching products at regular intervals. Probably a product each month till 2014 should be the best way to go ahead and expand on its portfolio. Therefore a planned strategic move seems to be the answer for IKEA so that it could achieve the targets it has and expand across its markets. With planned implementation and scheduled operations things would be way easier as compared to an unplanned approach for marketing as well as promoting the company’s products. How to cite Business Strategy 2, Essay examples

Children And Art Therapy Essay Example For Students

Children And Art Therapy Essay There are many fields of study that focus on children and their needs whether it may be mental, social or physical, one of these fields of study is child psychology. Child psychology is a form of study that allows understanding the developmental stages of children and what should be expected of them during their different stages. But art therapy permits us to understand children at a different level, a more intimate level, allowing us to view more in-depth the mind of a child. By understanding the developmental and behavioral stages of children therapists can diagnose a troubled child. However they can only help to a certain point. Children have difficulty expressing themselves through words and art therapy allows them to express their internal feelings more easily, which is done with the help of a picture. There are always questions that arise when it comes to understanding humans in general, but the interest in understanding the developmental stages of humans from birth to death has been a focus of psychology. Researchers have established a system that names the traits, skills and levels of development in children such as their sight, comprehension, and their ability to speak. The developmental stages in children are broken up into the childrens months (babys months until first year), toddler years (the first four to five years), and childhood (years until child reaches ten years of age). (Medical Library Search). Child psychologists have been able to track the development and the process that children undergo through out their childhood years, but each individual child develops differently. There are children that speak, walk faster or slower than others but there are also times when many children are believed to develop later than the norm, when in reality the children may have problems or disorders. Through the advancement in developmental psychology many of the common disorders in children such as autism, depression, anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity have been found along with many others. But just because developmental psychology has been able to diagnose disorders in children it doesnt mean that it can also help cure it, its important that the scientific rigor that accompanies research into heart disease and cancer be applied to refining the diagnoses and treatment of psychiatric illness in children, (Couric, 9). During the early 20th century there were many psychiatrists that became interested in many of the art work done by patients. They believed that such art work had a link to a patients illness. Art educators during the same time discovered that the free art expression of children represented emotional and symbolic communication. It wasnt until after the 1930s that art therapy evolved and is now used as a treatment for many children and adults. Treatment is given in many different facilities, the most common being hospitals or institutions. The theory behind art therapy is that through the expression and creativity that is involved in making art, a healing process allows troubles to be released. Children art therapy uses drawing, painting and even sculpting as well as other different mediums to asses a childs psychological need. (Health Care Services). By looking at a picture many things can be said, which is why art therapy is believed to be the best way in helping children that have troubles. In order to help a child one must first understand the childs psyche, which is more intimate and personal and cant be achieved through any other method, besides the art created by the childs subconscious and unconsciousness. Art therapy has been widely accepted as an exceptional treatment for children that have communication troubles or are socially impaired. Besides relieving emotions, art therapy also allows children to feel a sense of personal fulfillment, which creates in them feelings of success and self-worth after the difficulties they have endured in their short lives. Encyclopedia of Psychology). .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458 , .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458 .postImageUrl , .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458 , .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458:hover , .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458:visited , .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458:active { border:0!important; } .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458:active , .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458 .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc32430830b54fce79fa970a84d26d458:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Resume writing of Profs EssayA common disorder that is found in children is depression, which affects one to two percent of children from the ages of five to eleven years of age, but even children as young as two can have signs of depression. But diagnosing a child with depression is difficult because there are times when we all feel sad and want to be left alone, but through signs that psychologists have been able to detect allows therapists to evaluate and diagnose a child of depression. The emotion of depression is a strong and hurtful feeling because there is no feeling of excitement, emotions are actually the internal architects, conductors, or organizers of our minds ( Brazelton, 4). Emotions tell us what to do and through art therapy children can express what they are feeling by listening to that emotion such as depression and create art that allows them to express their internal feelings, Depression. Its a shade of color. It feels. Doing the art helped, (Female 16 years old. Time. Couric, 27). By creating art that has color, movement and shape, an emotion can be viewed, because every edge and hint of color along with the movement of the piece represents its own feeling or idea. For example in a piece done by a little boy of age 10, he draws a figure which is a dark and mean looking dinosaur, this child that suffers from depression shows his emotion of depression by creating a picture of a dinosaur. (Male. What Scares Me Most, Couric, 21). Even though young children dont have the range of skill as mature artists there art work can also be sophisticated in its meaning, the art work of a child can have the same feeling expressed by a professional artists, the only thing different is perspective. (Couric, 13). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is another disorder that is common in many children, this disorder affects a childs ability to learn. To diagnosis a child with ADHD is also difficult because there is no test or scan that can prove that a child suffers from ADHD. There is an estimated three to five percent of young children that suffer from ADHD and more commonly young boys are more likely than young girls to develop and suffer from this disorder. It is also possible for children to suffer from depression or any other common disorders such as anxiety or behavioral troubles and still have a attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The symptoms of this hyperactivity disorder are key to diagnosing a child, because the symptoms of ADHD are developed in children from their early years, there toddler years such symptoms dont just develop suddenly in a child. A child may also develop a problem such as the hyperactivity disorder because of family members who have this problem. The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a disorder in which a child can outgrow the symptoms of hyperactivity, but such possibility is only true in fifty percent of all cases. But because of the advancement in therapies, art therapy being one of them, there are many treatments that children can undergo to eliminate the symptoms or at least temporarily reduce the symptoms of ADHD. Through art therapy where children can express their inner most feelings, children that suffer from ADHD have very distinct images than a child that may suffer from depression or anxiety. For example a young male teenager drew his two parents being angry and confused the child called this piece confused, the child explains the meaning of this piece by saying This is what my parents think, They dont know what to do with me, (Childhood Revealed, 65). This statement done by a young 13 yr. ld boy is powerful and only through art therapy this child could express his hidden feeling, as well as express a feeling that could have never been released if it wasnt for the art of creativity. Every disorder has its own troubles and its own affects on young children, but because of new research and new treatments to cure such disorders as ADHD or depression as well as all other common disorders in children, it is now possible to intervene and cure a child. A child can be cured physically through medication, but if there is nothing being done for the childs mind, then complete cure from a disorder isnt possible. .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b , .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b .postImageUrl , .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b , .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b:hover , .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b:visited , .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b:active { border:0!important; } .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b:active , .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u44afcca5b81f72317d41d159b218752b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nuclear Bombs EssayIn order to achieve complete cure children must first release all feelings with held by creating art whether it may be through paint, sculptor or even through music or dance, but the most important thing is to start curing the mental state of a childs mind. The mind is a powerful tool that flourishes ideas and also drives emotions, as a child is being cured psychologically, a child begins to feel a feeling of release and as the childs mind cures the childs physical state begins to nourish along with the childs mind. If researchers continue to explore different treatments, then many common disorders that dont have a cure could help eliminate the symptoms or affects on young children. The key to achieving the elimination of disorders is by first understanding the disorder and how it works in the mind of child, which cant be achieved by just knowing the distinct stages children undergo, it can only be achieved through therapists that understand the structure and the function of the mind.

Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay Essay Example

Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay Essay The purpose of this survey or treatment is to analyze and discourse the impact of the labour authorities policy on teenage gestation and societal exclusion in the United Kingdom, to what extent has the policy achieved its purposes and aims and if the aims have non been met, why and how it may be improved, what are its defects and restraints in the execution procedure or if the policy itself was non good set together. Barry ( 2002 ) argues that societal exclusion occurs when persons or groups are non given the chance to take part in society, whether or non they desire to take part. The British Government in 2001 defined societal exclusion as a shorthand term for what can go on when people or countries suffer from a combination of linked jobs such as unemployment, hapless accomplishments, low incomes, hapless lodging, high offense, bad wellness and household dislocation . ( Cabinet Office, 2001 ) We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Burchardt, Le Grand and Piachaud, ( 2002 ) place ingestion ( the capacity to buy goods and services, including wellness services ) , production ( taking portion in economically or socially valuable activities including voluntary work ) , political interaction or engagement ( engagement in local or national decision-making ) and societal interactions ( integrating with household, friends and the wider community ) as the four cardinal elements of societal engagement. These elements separately can stand for an result step for societal exclusion or inclusion. Adolescent gestation is a hazard factor for societal exclusion. Social disadvantage refers to a scope of societal and economic troubles an person can confront such as unemployment, poorness, and favoritism and is distributed unevenly on the footing of socio-demographic features such as ethnicity, socioeconomic place, educational degree, and topographic point of abode ( Wellings and Kane, 1999 ) . Social exclusion can go on to anybody but is more prevailing among immature people in attention, immature people non in school and among adolescents turning up in low income families, or those turning up with household struggles and people from some minority cultural communities are disproportionately at hazard of societal exclusion. people are besides most vulnerable at periods such as go forthing place, attention or instruction. Adolescent birth rates in the UK are the highest in Western Europe and gestation among misss under 16 old ages of age in England and Wales have increased since 2006, more than four in 10 misss still get pregnant before the age of 20. Two-thirdss of all pupils have sex before graduating from school and are exposed to gestation and sexually familial diseases. ( ONS, 2009 ) . Social exclusion Unit ( 2001 ) in their study to cabinet said that In England, there are about 90,000 constructs a twelvemonth to adolescents ; about 7,700 to girls under 16 and 2,200 to misss aged 14 or under. Roughly three-fifths of constructs 56,000 consequence in unrecorded births. Although more than two-thirds of under 16s do non hold sex and most adolescent misss reach their mid-twentiess without acquiring pregnant, the UK has teenage birth rates which are twice every bit high as in Germany, three times every bit high as in France and six times every bit high as in the Netherlands. Teenss that get pregnant are less likely to finish their instruction therefore hazards doing their future worse. They are more likely to be individual parents and are more likely to contract sexually transmitted diseases including HIV. Every twelvemonth there are new entrants into adolescent universe. The hazard factors that affect early teenage gestations are economic disadvantages, equal force per unit area, emotional hurt, sexual beliefs, attitude and accomplishments, household construction, community disadvantages, sexual hazard pickings and hapless preventive usage. ( Kirby, 2007 ) . The chief policy enterprises ( 750 ) New Labour ( 1997 ) introduced policies that aim to cut down immature people s hazards of low educational attainment, hapless or no occupation chances, criminalism and offending, adolescent gestation and sexually familial infections ( STIs ) . Tony Blair ( PM, 2001 ) in a preface to the Report by the Social Exclusion Unit on Preventing Social exclusion said Preventing exclusion where we can, reintegrating those who have become excluded, and puting in basic minimal criterions for all and we have worked in a new manner developing partnerships around common ends with the populace services, communities and charities, concerns and church administrations that have been fighting with the causes and symptoms of poorness for so long. The policy used hazard direction attacks as a manner of cut downing hazards of teenage gestation and sexually familial diseases amongst immature people by utilizing schemes that gives the single picks, duties and do them portion of the solution. New Labour s policies on teenage gestation centres around adolescent gestation and gender utilizing Knowledge Acquisition, Shifting Blame and Constituting Knowing Active Welfare Citizens as strategic Risk Management options. The New Labour authorities set up a Adolescent Pregnancy Strategy overseen by the Teenage Pregnancy Unit and the scheme centres on cut downing the rate of teenage constructs, with the specific purpose of halving the rate of constructs among under 18s by 2010. Geting more adolescent parents into instruction, preparation or employment, to cut down their hazard of long term societal exclusion. The Social Exclusion Unit was setup by the New Labour authorities to co-ordinate policy-making issues like school exclusion and hooky, unsmooth sleeping, teenage gestation, young person at hazard and deprived vicinities through, forestalling societal exclusion go oning in the first topographic point by cut downing the Numberss who go through experiences that put them at hazard or aiming action to counterbalance for the impact of these experiences, reintegrating those who become excluded back into society, by supplying clear ways back for those who have lost their occupation or their lodging, and missed out on acquisition and acquiring the rudimentss right by presenting basic minimal criterions to everyone in wellness, instruction, in-work income, employment and undertaking offense. Critically analyse policies-SID, RED, MUD Critical analysis of the Policy, ( 2000 ) Action to forestall societal exclusion is presenting consequences: the proportion of kids in places where no-one is in work has fallen from 17.9 per cent in 1997 to 15.1 per cent in 2001 ; over 100,000 kids are profiting from the Certain Start programme to guarantee they are ready to learn by the clip they reach primary school ; school exclusions have fallen by 18 per cent between 1997 and 1999 ; under-18 construct rates have fallen in four out of the last five quarters ; more 16-18 twelvemonth olds are remaining on in instruction ; the Care Leavers scheme has been introduced ; the Rough Sleepers Unit is flying new attacks to stop the fast path to homelessness from prison and the Armed Forces ; Drumhead Stakeholder Pensions will assist chair earners build up better pension entitlements from this April. Some 18 million people stand to derive from the State Second Pension, supplying more support than under the State Net incomes Related Pension Scheme ( SERPS ) for modest and low paid workers, and for carers and the handicapped ; and the personal revenue enhancement and benefit steps introduced over this Parliament mean that by October 2001, a single-earner household on half mean net incomes and with two immature kids will be ?3,000 a twelvemonth better off in existent footings compared with 1997. Families with person in full-time work will hold a guaranteed minimal income of at least ?225 a hebdomad, ?11,700 a twelvemonth. And households with kids in the poorest fifth of the population will on norm be ?1,700 a twelvemonth or around 15 per cent better off. And programmes to reintegrate people who have become excluded are entering successes: since 1997 more than 270,000 immature unemployed people have moved into work through the New Deal for Young People ; over 6,000 people have found work through the New Deal for Disabled People and over 75,000 people had found work between October 1998 and December 2000 through the New Deal for Lone Parents ; all Local Education Authorities ( LEAs ) have increased proviso for excluded students, a 3rd already make so, and two-thirds program to offer them full-time instruction in 2001 ; between June 1998 and June 2000, the figure of unsmooth slumberers fell by 36 per cent ; and the proportion of teenage parents in instruction, employment or preparation has increased from 16 to 31 per cent between 1997 and 2000. And alterations in basic public and private services are concentrating betterments on the poorest: higher criterions than of all time before in Key Stage 2 English and maths with a 10 and 13 per centum point betterment in each topic severally between 1998 and 2000 ; 44 Local Education Authorities ( LEAs ) in the 88 most deprived areas2 improved their Key Stage 2 maths consequences by 14 per cent or more between 1998 and 2000. The most improved country was Tower Hamlets, with an addition of 23 per cent ; 24 LEAs in deprived countries improved their Key Stage 2 English consequences by 11 per cent or more over the same period ; between 1998 and 2000 kids from most minority cultural communities saw a rise in accomplishment of GCSEs. This includes an eight per centum point addition in the figure of black students accomplishing five or more GCSE grade A*-C, against an norm for all students of three per centum points ; unemployment has fallen faster than the national norm in 19 of the 20 highest unemployment countries ; the combined effects of Minimum Income Guarantee ( MIG ) , Winter Fuel Payments and free telecasting licenses for those aged 75 and over mean that from April 2001 around two million of the poorest pensionary families will be at least ?800 a twelvemonth better off compared with 1997 a existent footings rise in life criterions of 17 per cent. together with revenue enhancement and benefit reforms, the national lower limit pay has helped to do work wage and promote persons to travel from benefits into work ; and by the terminal of 2000, all the high street Bankss offered a basic bank history available to all. Preventing societal exclusion These betterments are a good start. Tendencies on literacy, school exclusion, post-16 engagement and rough kiping are on path. Incomes for the poorest pensionaries and households, and for low-paid workers, have risen well. Where programmes have been slow to present consequences, for illustration on hooky, the Government is escalating action. But many of the programmes in this papers are merely in their babyhood, and are on class to present more significant consequences over clip. At the same clip, policy invention has been accompanied by new constructions and new ways of working within Government. These have created clearer answerability for cross-cutting topics such as rough sleeping, vicinity reclamation and young person policy ; set the footing for a new relationship of Partnership with groups outside Government ; organised services around the demands of the client ; and helped people to assist themselves Policy can worsen and non relieve Conclusion ( 500 ) The 1999 UK authorities s study on adolescent gestation concluded that the following were risk factors for gestations among adolescent misss: socioeconomic disadvantage, holding been oneself the kid of a adolescent parent, hapless communicating with parents, non being in instruction, preparation or work after age 16 old ages, equal force per unit area to hold sex early, educational jobs such as low accomplishment and hooky, intoxicant usage, low cognition about sexual wellness, and larning about sex from beginnings other than school However, these decisions were based on grounds that was instead old or from cross-sectional surveies, which are non the best usher to current tendencies

Web Journalism - How Journalism is Adapting to the Web

Web Journalism - How Journalism is Adapting to the Web With the decline of newspapers, theres been a lot of talk about web journalism being the future of the news business. But what exactly do we mean by web journalism? Web journalism actually encompasses a whole range of different kinds of sites, including: Newspaper Websites Websites run by newspapers are basically extensions of the papers themselves. As such, they can provide a wide range of articles in a variety of areas - news, sports, business, the arts, etc. - written by their staff of professional reporters. In some cases, newspapers shut down their printing presses but continue to operate their websites. Often, however, when the presses stop running the news staff is gutted, leaving only a bare-bones newsroom behind. Independent News Websites These sites, often found in larger cities, tend to specialize in hard-news coverage of municipal government, city agencies, law enforcement, and schools. Some of them are known for their hard-hitting investigative reporting. Their content is typically produced by small staffs of full-time reporters and freelancers. Many such independent news sites are nonprofits funded by a mix of ad revenue and contributions from donors and foundations. Hyper-Local News Sites These sites specialize in coverage of small, specific communities, right down to the individual neighborhood. As the name implies, the coverage tends to focus on extremely localized events: the police blotter, the agenda of the town board meeting, the performance of a school play. Hyper-local sites can be independent or run by newspapers as extensions of their websites. Their content is typically produced by local freelance writers and bloggers. Citizen Journalism Sites Citizen journalism sites run a wide gamut. Some are basically just online platforms where people can post video reports or pictures on virtually any subject. Others focus on a specific geographic area and provide more targeted specific coverage. Content for citizen journalism sites is usually provided by a loose affiliation of writers, bloggers and video reporters with varying degrees of journalism experience. Some citizen journalism sites are edited; others are not. Blogs Blogs are known primarily for being platforms for delivering opinion and commentary, but many actually do real reporting as well. Bloggers have varying degrees of journalism experience.

Self-Actualisation is Impossible Within Today's Organizational Essay

Self-Actualisation is Impossible Within Today's Organizational Settings - Essay Example An individual employee would be motivated to take action if nothing hinders the emergence of high-level needs. Maslow’s hierarchy needs was designed according to U.S. cultural values. According to organizational behaviourists, organizations which endeavour to accomplish the needs of their personnel, attract the best workforce and consequently motivate the workers to perform excellently. The organization can use the wages, the work environment, and the people around the workplace to motivate the employees to work harder and achieve certain goals (Schreuder & Coetzee 2010). When organizations meet the low- order needs of the personnel, the workers will struggle for self-actualization, working to become the best they can be. The employees will thus deliver at their optimal level of creativity, turning into exceptionally valuable assets to the company. The contemporary organizations have therefore; put in place measures and strategies to enable the workers to self-actualize by acc omplishing the low-order needs of the employees. Nevertheless, some organizational behaviourists argue that it is impossible to satisfy several high-order needs in organizational settings (Hodson 2001). Eventually, the concept of self-actualization is difficult or impossible to achieve effectively in organizational settings. This paper will discuss whether it is possible for an organisation to realize self-actualisation for its individual employees. The paper presents an argument for and against self-actualisation within today’s organizational settings using illustrations from the contemporary organizational contexts. The possibility of self-actualisation within organizational context Self-actualisation is possible in high-level management than low level management because top managers are better equipped to meet their self-actualization and esteem needs. This is because the backdrop of challenging jobs and opportunities at organisational levels motivates self-actualisation n eeds. Working in teams increases employees’ abilities to satisfy their self-actualisation needs. This is because teamwork gives the employees the incentive to participate in decision making which impact on both the team and the organisation’s performance. Some employees are among group of employees trained by organisations to carry out multiple job tasks that may include hiring and training subordinates, and even terminating employment based on failure to perform satisfactorily. Self-actualisation and esteem needs begin to get satisfied when employees get to learn different tasks. Employees who are less empowered or have little control over their job tasks may feel no need for self-actualisation with regard to their job tasks. Empirical evidence shows that the satisfaction of self-actualisation needs varies according to employee’s job tasks, age, background, and the size of the company (Hellriegel & Slocum 2007). Dorer and Mahoney (2006) observe that organisatio ns could increase their productivity by increasing the individual performance of each employee and by optimisation of untapped potential inherent in employees. A full operational employee is actively involved in the development and utilisation of all his/her